Why access to justice is not yet a reality for all
By Patricia Scotland
Access to justice for everyone in all communities is an important right and requirement for building fair and peaceful societies. Yet this objective has been achieved in few, if any, nations, and the consequences are damaging for social, economic and political progress and stability.
Studies indicate that of the 1.4 billion people who for whatever reason in the past two years felt the need for recourse to law, less than half have had their justice needs met. Barriers such as cost, complexity and corruption cause people either not to seek redress, or to be defeated by the process.
The 53 countries of the Commonwealth are committed to taking action to right this wrong. Each member country is committed through our Commonwealth Charter to “an independent, effective and competent legal system” which “is integral to upholding the rule of law, engendering public confidence and dispensing justice”.
That is the basis on which discussions on innovative and united action towards access to justice and related priorities are taking place at the Commonwealth Law Ministers Meeting in Sri Lanka.
While many are fortunate to have a system that can be relied upon to give a fair hearing and resolution, for millions of people around the world, this remains a dream. Problems with access to justice can affect people’s lives through ill health, loss of income and damage to relationships.
Our priority has to be to answer the needs of all people, particularly groups such as the poor and unemployed, victims of domestic violence, refugees and disabled or first nation people, who often feel marginalised or ill-served by judicial processes.
Poverty affects access to justice in many ways, and discriminatory laws exacerbate disadvantage. Income, gender, sexuality and location can all be factors in people being denied equitable access to justice. Sometimes, several of these factors combine severely to the detriment of victims or offenders from already vulnerable groups.
Indigenous women, for example, particularly those who have faced addiction, poverty or domestic violence, are often already marginalised, and then suffer the further blow of being unsupported in their search for justice, diminishing yet further the prospects for themselves, their families, and the communities in which they live.
Even where equal and progressive laws exist, cuts to legal aid, or lack of legal aid altogether, can impair access to justice, particularly for the most vulnerable. Lack of access to justice then leads to further injustice, with people denied their rights—or a voice—unable to fight discrimination and prevented from holding public bodies to account.
The result is that progress towards sustainable development at national, community or personal levels is limited, and opportunities for inclusive growth and prosperity are lost. At worst, injustice can be the root of conflict and violence—even though people are generally not seeking revenge and retribution, but recompense and restoration. Systems should ensure these avenues to resolution are available to avert anger and resentment.
Innovation and technology open up new horizons and possibilities. Digital resources such as e-courts, video advocacy and interactive information services are helping to improve inclusivity. Yet even with such innovative approaches, the vulnerable groups may continue to experience obstacles to affordable and equitable access.
We, therefore, need to be aware that the promising solutions technology offers can also prolong existing problems or present new ones. This means that just as lawbreakers find more sophisticated ways of using technology for crime, lawmakers must leverage technology to stay ahead of such threats.
Our related systems of governance and administration, and the widespread use in our jurisdictions of the Common Law, make the Commonwealth ideally placed as a community to think, plan and act together towards fairer and inclusive access to justice with improved outcomes.
Working together in mutual support, and by learning and gaining encouragement from one another, our member countries are able to accelerate progress towards creating and delivering fair and effective national laws. They are helped in this by Commonwealth toolkits that guide on matters such as policy-making and legislative drafting.
—The writer is Commonwealth Secretary-General
